The Influence of Water and Gas Exchange Parameters on Grafted Grapevines Under Conditions of Moisture Stress

Among the four grape varieties that were subjected to moisture stress, Flame Seedless and Thompson Seedlessrecorded the highest relative water content, osmotic potential and water potential compared to Sharad Seedless andTas-A-Ganesh. Similarly, Flame Seedless and Thompson Seedless recorded the maximum rate of photosynthesis,the minimum transpiration rate, and thus increased water-use efficiency. Sharad Seedless on its own root had thelowest water-use efficiency. Budding the respective four varieties on different rootstocks and subjecting them tomoisture stress resulted in significant differences in various physiological parameters that influence water-use efficiency.When Sharad Seedless was budded on Dog Ridge rootstock and subjected to moisture stress, it resulted inincreased water potential, osmotic potential and water use efficiency compared to other rootstocks. This suggeststhat rootstocks have an influence on the physiological mechanisms of scion leaves. Hence, the genotypic selection ofrootstocks for establishing vineyards under drought conditions is of great importanc

A smart material based approach to morphing

This presentation gives an overview of the Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) based approach to the research and13; development of adaptive/smart/morphing airframe structural technologies at the Advanced Composites13; Division, NAL. Central to this approach is the efficient integration of thermal NiTi SMA elements with13; polymeric carbon composites. The SMA elements could be either externally placed or embedded in the13; polymeric composite. The external connection could be in the form of mechanisms / devices

Comparative study of soils of different landforms under rubber with special reference to erodibility indices/factor

Soil erodibility factor ‘K’ is a quantitative description of the inherent erodibility of a particular soil and it represents the susceptibility of soil particles to detachment and transport by both rainfall and runoff. Soils of different landforms under rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in Kerala were studied with special reference to erodibility factor. Soils of nineteen-soil series developed on different landforms representing 70 per cent of the total potential rubber growing area were selected and the susceptibility of these soils to erosion was assessed by soil ratios and erodibility factor ‘K’ using soil survey information. The soil erodibility factor ‘K’ varies from 0.273 to 0.473, 0.353 to 481, 0.299 to 0.459 and 0.287 to 0.468 for soils developed on charnockite, laterite, khondalite and granite-gneiss landform, respectively. The soils of Vazhoor and Vijayapuram series developed on charnockite, Kaipuzha and Anayadi series of laterite, Kadambanad series of khondalite and soils of Pallippadi series identified in the granite-gneiss landform contained relatively high values of clay ratio and silt/clay ratio indicating that these soils are more susceptible to erosion than the other soils. Among the landforms, soils developed on laterite were relatively more susceptible to erosion compared to soils of other landforms. The study also revealed that soils with higher content of intermediate particle size fractions between sand and clay showed more erodibility risk than the soils with higher clay and higher sand content. In general, all the soils have moderate to high risk of erosion, thus needs suitable soil conservation measures to reduce soil loss and protect existing productivity

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Not AvailableIn the present study on growth and yield of grapes cv. Sharad Seedless different sources and methods of potassium were applied. The experiment was laid out with eight treatments replicated four times in Completely Randomized Block Design at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru in 2016-17. Three different sources of potassium fertilizers viz., sulphate of potash (SOP), potassium nitrate (KNO3) and 19: 19: 19 and two methods of application viz., soil application and fertigation were applied to Grape vines. Among the treatments, highest mean pruned biomass (1.47 kg vine-1) and yield vine-1 (7.42 kg) were recorded in vines treated with 40% KNO3 through fertigation + 60% SOP through soil and lowest yield vine-1 (5.21 kg) was observed in vines treated with 100% SOP through fertigation. Vines, which received 60% KNO3 through fertigation + 40% SOP through soil, had recorded maximum percent of fruitful canes vine-1 (51.31).Not Availabl

Potassium fertilization in relation to downy mildew disease incidence in grape leaves

Influence of different sources of potassium and their method of application was studied on incidence of downy mildew infection in grape leaves of 'Sharad Seedless' (syn: 'Kishmish Chorni'). The total phenolic content and individual phenolic acids were analysed from healthy and downy mildew infected leaves of 'Sharad Seedless' and the degree of downy mildew infection was well correlated with potassium content in the petioles. Different sources and method of potassium application had significant effect on Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity and preformed phenols in healthy vines. Significant increase in PAL enzyme activity, total phenols and individual phenolic acids was registered with increase in disease severity. Magnitude of percent change in PAL enzyme activity and total phenolic content was highest in vines with maximum disease infection. Among the phenolic acids, o-Coumaric acid, p-Coumaric acid have a definite role in disease resistance. We could also observe the variation in disease severity in vines which received different sources of potassium which was supplied in different quantities whether through soil and/or through fertigation

Effect of Leaf Removal on Composition of Wine Grape Varieties Grown in Semiarid Tropical Climate of India

Removing leaves from cluster zone is one of the management practices followed to improve fruit composition in temperate wine grape growing countries. However, knowledge on canopy management practices to improve fruit and juice composition for quality wine making is still lacking in semiarid tropical regions of India. Due to ample sunlight availability during fruit growth in semiarid tropics, it is unclear whether the leaves have to be removed from cluster zone. In case the leaves have to be removed, the direction from which it has to be done is also important. Hence, this study was conducted to see the effect of leaf removal from two sides of canopy on fruit composition in two wine grape varieties. In Cabernet Sauvignon vines leaf removal from both east and west side of the canopyimproved fruit quality in terms of reduced pH, potassium, malic acid and increased phenolics. Nevertheless, removing leaves from eastern side was found to be better than western side, because clusters are exposed toexcess sunlight. However, in Sauvignon Blanc, leaf removal from east side improved most of the desirable fruit composition parameters, while leaf removal from west side reduced the fruit quality in terms of sugars, acids, pH, total phenols etc

Changes in Polyphenol Oxidase Activity During Rooting of Hardwood Cuttings in Three Grape Rootstocks Under Indian Conditions

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was investigated during rooting in cuttings from the rootstocks Dog ridge, 110 Rand St. George, belonging to different Vitis species. Enzyme activity and rooting ability were analysed. Significantdifferences were found in PPO activity among different rootstocks, with Dog ridge and 110 R having the highest PPOactivity during the initial period of planting, followed by a decrease in enzyme activity. In St. George, the enzymeactivity was least during the initial periods, but it increased throughout the experiment. The initiation of rootingprimordia was observed until 60 to 90 days after planting in Dog ridge and 110 R rootstocks, while it was observed120 days after planting in St. George, suggesting differences in the rooting behaviour of the rootstocks. The statusof various biochemical components of the mother vines, such as total phenols, reducing sugars, carbohydrates,nitrogen, C:N ratio, etc. were analysed to investigate the influence of these constituents on the rooting ability of therootstocks apart from PPO activity

Physiological and Biochemical Characterisation of Grape Rootstocks

Ten grape rootstocks were characterised for their various morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters.Significant differences were observed for most of the parameters studied. Rootstocks in the group of Vitis berlandierii× Vitis rupestris, such as 110 R, 1103 P, 99 R and B2-56, had a significantly higher content of total phenols, flavon-3-ols, flaveonoids, proline and total protein. Optimum C/N ratios in the mother vines of these rootstocks helped attainbetter rooting percentages of hardwood cuttings. Rootstocks such as Dog Ridge, 110 R, B2-56 and Salt Creek recordedthe highest relative water content (RWC) and water-use efficiency (WUE) at single-leaf level, which is an importantmechanism in overcoming drought tolerance. The high phenolic content in rootstocks such as Dog Ridge, 99 R, 110Rand 1103 P may help in reducing the incidence of major grape diseases in commercial table varieties if grafted ontothese rootstocks. This was established in our earlier studies of the incidence of powdery mildew in Thompson Seedlessgrafted onto different rootstocks. A significant and positive correlation was observed for WUE and total proteinand proline content. Thus, the physio-biochemical characterisation of rootstocks may help to identify particularrootstocks that could influence a desired trait in commercial table / wine grape varieties after grafting

Management of tooth discoloration in non-vital endodontically treated tooth: a report of 6 year follow-up

Discoloration of teeth, especially the anteriors, can result in considerably cosmetic impairment in young children. It is the pediatric dentist’s responsibility to supervise those children who seek to undergo a whitening treatment to ensure the maximum cosmetic benefit within the boundaries of oral and systematic health. Among bleaching techniques, the walking bleach technique with sodium perborate and distilled water stands out because of its superior esthetic results with no side effects. This paper presents a case of tooth discoloration in non-vital tooth which was successfully bleached using walking bleach method. After 6 year follow up the prognosis was good with no reversal of tooth discoloration and absence of external cervical resorption

Vanishing (Disappearing) Bone Disease in children: a review

Vanishing bone disease is a very rare, peculiar destructive condition of the skeletal system resulting in spontaneous and progressive resorption and disappearance of osseous structures with replacement by vascular, fibrous connective tissue. Children and adolescents are most commonly affected, although patients ranging in age from 18 months to 40 years have been reported. Its clinical presentation is highly variable largely depending upon the site of skeletal involvement. The maxillofacial territory and upper extremity bones are the predominant sites affected by this ailment. The etio-pathogenesis of this condition still remains poorly understood, the natural history and prognosis is unpredictable. Radiographic findings associated with vanishing bone disorder are particularly dramatic and characterized by complete resorption and disappearance of the affected bone leading to the definition of “vanishing bone” or “disappearing bone disease.” Although various treatment options have been suggested, in general, no single treatment modality has proven effective in arresting this rare clinical entity. The present article provides an insight into the in-depth comprehensive review of literature pertaining to this fascinating musculoskeletal disorder in children